POINTS OF ENTRY:

General obligations (Article 19);
a)    Each State Party shall develop capacities for designated Points of entry as set in Annex 1.
b)    Identify Competent Authorities for Points of entry.
c)    Furnish to WHO data concerning sources of infection, contamination including vectors and their reservoirs which could result into international disease spread.

Airports and Ports (Article 20):
1.    States Parties shall designate Airports and Ports that shall develop the following capacities;
a)    General core capacity requirements for designated Airports, Ports and Ground crossings;
•    To provide access to Medical Services including diagnostic facilities for assessment and care of ill travelers, with adequate staff, equipment and premises.
•    To provide access to equipment and transport for ill travelers to appropriate Medical Facility.
•    To provide trained personnel for inspection of conveyances.
•    To ensure a safe environment for travelers using the point of entry facilities including portable water supplies, eating establishment, flight catering facilities, public wash room, appropriate Solid and Liquid waste disposal services and other potential risk areas by conducting appropriate inspections.
•    To provide a programme and trained personnel for the control of vectors and their reservoirs in and near the points of entry.   
b)    Capacities required for responding to Events that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern;
•    To provide appropriate public health emergency response by establishing and maintaining a public health emergency contingency plan, including the nomination of a coordinator and contact points for relevant point of entry, public health and other agencies and services.
•    To provide assessment of and care for affected travelers or animals by establishing arrangement with local Medical and Veterinary facilities for their isolation, treatment and other support services that may be required.
•    To provide appropriate space, separate from other travelers to interview suspects or affected persons.
•    To provide for the assessment and if required quarantine of suspect travelers, preferably in facilities away from the Point of entry.
•    To apply recommended measures to Disinsect, Disinfect, Derat, or Decontaminate baggage, cargo, containers, conveyances, goods or postal parcels at locations designated and equipped for the purpose.
•    To apply entry or exit controls for arriving and departing travellers.
•    To provide access to specially designated equipment and to trained personnel with appropriate personal protection for the transfer of travelers who may carry infection or contamination (Annex 1).
2.    States Parties shall ensure that Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificates and Ship Sanitation Control Certificates are issued and valid for a maximum period of six (6) months and this period can be extended by one month if the inspection or control measures required cannot be accomplished at the Port (Article 39 and model in Annex 3).
3.    Each State Party shall send to WHO a list of Ports authorized to offer;
a)    The issuance of Ship Sanitation Control Certificates and the provision of Deratting services (Annex 1 and 3).
b)    The issuance of Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificate.
c)    Extension of Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificate for a period of one month until the arrival of the Ship in the Port at which the Certificate may be received.
4.    WHO certifies an Airport or Port which meets the requirements.
5.    WHO shall develop and publish the certification guidelines for Airports and Ports and also publish a list of certified Airports and Ports.

Ground Crossings (Article 21):
1.    State Party may designate Ground Crossings that shall develop the required capacities, taking in consideration of the following;
a)    The volume and the frequency of the various types of international traffic as compared to other points of entry at a State Party’s Ground Crossings which might be designated.
b)    The Public Health Risks existing in areas in which the international traffic originates or through which it passes, prior to arrival at a particular Ground Crossing.
2.    States Parties sharing common borders should consider;
a)    Entering into bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements concerning prevention or control of international transmission of diseases at Ground crossings in accordance with Article 57.
b)    Joint designation of adjacent Ground Crossings for the capacities in Annex 1 in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article.

The Role of Competent Authorities (Article 22):
1.    Definition;
Competent Authority is an Authority responsible for the implementation and application of Health measures under International Health Regulations.



2.    Role of  Competent Authority;
a)    Inspecting baggage, cargo, containers, conveyances, goods, postal parcels, human remains and vectors and their reservoirs departing and arriving from affected areas so that they are maintained in such a condition that they are free of sources of infection or contamination including vectors and their reservoirs.
b)    Facilities used by Travellers at Points of entry are maintained in sanitary conditions and are kept free of sources of infection or contamination, including vectors and their reservoirs.
c)    Supervising deratting, disinfection, disinsection, or decontamination of baggage, cargo, containers, conveyances, goods, postal parcels and human remains or sanitary measures for persons.
d)    Supervising removal of and safe disposal of any contaminated water or food, human or animal excreta, waste water and other contaminated matter from a conveyances.
e)    Control of wastes from the ship not to contaminate water.
f)    Supervising service providers for services concerning travelers, baggage, cargo, containers, conveyances, goods, postal parcels and human remains including conduct of inspections and medical examinations
g)    Having effective contingency arrangements to deal with an unexpected public health events.
h)    Communicating with National IHR Focal Point on Public health measures taken in pursuant to Internal Health Regulations.
i)    Advise conveyance operators as far in advance as possible of their intent to apply control measures to a conveyance and shall provide where available, written information concerning the methods to be employed.
3.    Health measures recommended by WHO for travellers, baggage, cargo, containers, conveyances, goods, postal parcels and human remains arriving from an affected area may be reapplied on arrival, if there are verifiable indications and evidence that the measures applied on departure from affected area were unsuccessful.
4.    Avoid injury and discomfort to persons and damage to environment, baggage, cargo, containers, goods, conveyances and postal parcels when applying health measures.