Historical
perspectives of World Health Organization (WHO);[article 1]
·
Responsible for the control of
International spread of Diseases
·
Articles 21 (a) and 22 give authority to
the World Health Assembly (WHA) to adopt Regulations for the prevention of
spread of Diseases.
·
WHA of WHO adopted the International
Sanitary Regulations in 1951.
·
WHA revised the International Sanitary
Regulations and named them International Health Regulations in 1969.
·
The International Health Regulations of
1969 came in force in1974.
·
International Health Regulations of 1969
covered Yellow fever, Plague, Smallpox and Cholera as International notifiable
diseases.
·
In 1995 World Health Assembly of World
Health Organization intended to revise International Health regulations of 1969
to accommodate Emerging and Reemerging Diseases and other Public Health Risks.
·
Revised International Health Regulations
were adopted by the 58th World Health Assembly on 23rd
May, 2005 and came into force on 15th July, 2007.
Purpose
of International Health Regulations;
i.
To prevent the spread of the International
spread of Diseases by International traffics.
ii.
To protect the Public against the
International spread of Diseases.
iii.
To control the International spread of
Diseases.
iv.
To provide a public health response to the
International spread of Diseases.
Scope
of International Health Regulations; [article 2]
a) Cover
all Diseases or Public Health Emergencies of International concern
b) Prevention
and control of the International spread of Diseases.
c) Development
of minimum Core Public Health Capacities.
d) Notification
of defined Criteria.
e) Authorizing
World Health Organization to consider unofficial reports of Public Health
events and verify.
f) Procedures
to determine Public Health Emergency of International Concern by Director
General of World Health Organization.
g) Protection
of human rights of persons and travelers.
h) Establishment
of National International Health Regulations Focal points and World Health
Organization International Health Regulations Contact Points for urgent
communication between State Parties and World Health Organization.
Categories
of Points of Entry;
1) Registered Airports
– Julius Nyerere International Airport (JNIA), Dare s Salaam, Kilimanjaro
International Airport (KIA), Kilimanjaro and Mwanza Airport, Mwanza and Songwe
Airport, Mbeya.
2) Registered Portsn – Dar es Salaam Sea Port, Tanga Sea Port,
Lindi Sea Port, Mtwara Sea Port, Pangani Sea Port, Mafia Sea Port, Bagamoyo Sea
Port, Kilwa Kivinje Sea Port, Mwanza Lake Port, Kigoma Lake Port, Musoma Lake
Port, Mbamba Bay. Itungi Lake Port, Bukoba Lake Port, Kemondo Bay, Nansio Lake
Port, Karema Lake Port.
3) Ground Crossings
– Namanga (Loliondo, Arusha), Horohoro (Tanga), Holili (Moshi Rural), Tarakea
(Rombo), Kasumulu, Kabanga, Sirari (Tarime), Mutukula, Rusumo, Murusagamba,
Msimbati, Manyovu, Tunduma, Mtambaswala, Murongo.
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